Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD(+)) Against Acute Hepatorenal Oxidative Injury in An Experimental Sepsis Model

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) in preventing multi-organ damage caused by sepsis. Twenty-eight male Wistar-albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. The study groups comprised Sham group, sepsis group (CLP), sepsis + 100 mg/kg NAD+ (CLP+N100) and sepsis + 300 mg/kg NAD+ group (CLP+N300). Sepsis was induced by the cecum ligation perforation (CLP) method. NAD+ was administered intraperitoneally for five days before cecum perforation and 6 h after operation. Serum, liver and kidney tissues were taken from the rats 24 h after the operation. MDA, GSH, CAT, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta, and caspase-3 parameters were measured in tissue samples with biochemical and immunohistochemical methods. In the histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, increases in TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta, and caspase-3 expressions were observed in the liver and kidney tissues of the CLP group and severe damage was seen in tissue morphology (P<0.001). Hepatorenal injury was significantly decreased in the treatment groups. Sepsis increased MDA levels in all tissues, but significantly decreased GSH and CAT activities. While NAD+ administration significantly increased GSH and CAT activity in the liver and kidney tissues, it caused a significant decrease in MDA levels. This study shows that nicotinamide may be a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of sepsis.