Abstract:
A drawbead modeling technique is presented to improve the accuracy of finite element simulations in terms of part draw-in and thickness predictions and validated with channel drawing experiments of a high-strength low-alloy steel. The drawing characteristics of 1.5-mm thickness blanks are obtained with strip drawing tests with a round drawbead, and drawbead model parameters are computed for three bead settings. The consequences of bending deformation cycles are determined experimentally on strip draw-in and thickness values, and model limitations of equivalent drawbead elements are also assessed for test conditions in which the drawbead restraint force is lower than the sectional yield limit. The influence of omitted drawbead geometry and overestimated drawbead-exit thickness are described using an analytical model, and a closed form expression is obtained to correct draw-in model error under sectional deformation conditions. Blank thickness and equivalent strain at the drawbead exit are additional drawbead model parameters of the proposed technique. Then, drawing simulations of a variable section, open-ended channel part are performed. The drawbead design, bead settings and tool-blank interface conditions are identical to those in strip drawing tests. Computed draw-in and thickness distributions were compared with measurements on produced channels using an experimental channel draw die. It is concluded that simulation models, based on drawbead force parameters only, overestimate blank thickness at the die entry and bring about relatively high draw-in values along part border lines. The thickness distribution predicted with proposed technique shows an enhanced correlation with on-part thickness measurements, and bead penetration effects on channel border lines are also simulated acceptably.
