This paper presents a hierarchical approach, which consists of a two-stage genetic algorithm and a mixed integer linear programming, for a heterogeneous three-dimensional pallet loading problem in consideration of the ...

Dual-phase steels are high-strength steels which are heat treated to contain both a ferrite and martensite microstructure to achieve an extra strength. They have high formability, low alloy content, and high strength. In ...

In this study, the ELT recycling process and management system of Turkey were examined. A new mixed integer nonlinear programming model was proposed for the collection, transport, and recycling of the ELT. Since the dimension ...

Decision makers can be irresolute evaluating an alternative according to a criterion. In such cases, it is best to consider the hesitancy rather than force the decision maker to make a clear evaluation. This paper focused ...

Material selection is an important task for dental healthcare. A teeth can be filled with several filling materials such as a silver amalgam (mixed with silver, tin, zinc, and copper), a plastic, a porcelain, and composites. ...