Avusturya-Macaristan imaparatorluğu işgalinde Bosna-Hersek

Abstract

Kuruldugu tarihten itibaren lllzh bir ~ekilde biiyiiyerek iiy kltaya yayllan Osmanh Devleti 18.yiizylldan itibaren geli~melere ayak uyduramaml~ ve topraklanm yava~ yava~ AvrupahDevletlere kaptmm~tJr. Osmanh Devleti'nin Balkan topraklarl aylsmdan onemli bir olay olan1875 Bosna-Hersek isyanl, "Dogu Meselesi"nin ortaya ylkmasma neden olmu~ ve bu tarihtenitibaren artlk Osmanh topraklanm payla~mak tum Avrupah Devletlerinin ortak amaCI halinegelmi~tir.1877-1878 Osmanh-Rus Sava~l sonraSI toplanan Berlin Kongresi ile birlikte Balkanlardakiyogu topragml kaybeden Osmanh Devleti, halkmm yogunlugu Miisliiman olan Bosna-Hersek'ide kendi hilkilmranhgl altmda, Avusturya-Macaristan devletinin i~galine blrakmak zorundakalml~tJr. Bu olay Osmanh Devleti ve Bosna-Hersek iyin yeni bir donemin ba~langlcl olmu~tur.I~gal kar~lsmda Bosna-Hersek halkulln memnuniyetsizligini gidermek iyin yaba sarf edenAvusturya-Macaristan, illkede boliinmeyi onlemek ve kendi idaresine kar~l olu~abilecekherhangi bir olumsuz tavn engellemek iyin, Bosna-Hersek'te tum milletleri kapsayan birBo~nak kimligi olu~turmaya yah~ml~tJr. Bosna-Hersekli Milsliimanlar ise bir yandan yenihilkilmete kar~l siyasi kimliklerini kazanmaya yah~ml~, bir yandan da ye~itli sebeplerleiilkelerini terk etmek zorunda kalarak Anadolu'yu yurt edinmi~lerdir. Osmanh Devleti deAnadolu'ya gelen gOymenleri ye~itli ~ehirlere yerle~tirerek, yI11ar boyu onlann iskallsorunlanyla ugra~ml~tIr.19. yiizyllda i~gal topraklan haline gelmi~, yabancl bir medeniyet ve kiiltilriln egemenligialtmda ya~amak zorunda kalml~ ve yJllar boyu toplu gOylere sahne olmu~ Bosna-Hersek, hemOsmanh tarihi hem de dilnya tarihi aylSlndan onemli bir yer i~gal etmektedir.

From the founding days on, the Ottoman Empire was rapidly expanded over tbree continents.But from tbe 18"' century on it could not keep in step with tbe developments taken place in theEuropean countries. So the Empire was enforced to give some of its lands to the mentionedcountries. For the Ottoman Empire, the Bosnia-Herzegovina Insurrection taken place in 1875was an event for the Balkan lands. This insurrection gave way to be "Eastern Issue" to come onthe scene. From the mentioned date on, dividing and sharing the lands of the Ottoman Empirebecame the main and common target ofthe European States.The Ottoman Empire lost the Illost of its lands in Balkans with the Berlin Congress afterOttoman-Russian War taken place in 1877-1878. With the mention Congress resolution, theOttoman Empire was enforced to leave the Bosnia-Herzegovina to the occupation of AustriaHungaryState under its sovereignly belonging to itself. This event became a beginning for thenew period for Bosnia-Herzegovina and Ottoman State. In order to dispose of the displeasureand disgust of Bosnia-Herzegovina People against the occupation, Austria-Hungary State triedto do some measures and to avoid preventing to divide the country. It also tried to prevent anynegative occurrences that might be to its administration and for this reason; it tried to form aBosnian identity covering all nations. As for Bosnian Muslims, they tried to gain their politicalidentity against the new government on one side and some of them left their land and migratedto Anatolia as on the other side. The Ottoman State located the new migrants to the Anatolia inthe different cities and so the State faced an come under the many settling problems.In the 19th Century the Bosnia-Herzegovina suffered from occupations and had to live undersovereignty of a foreign civilization and culture. It experienced mass emigrations and exodusfor long years. So, Bosnia-Herzegovina has an important place in the Ottoman history and alsoin the world history.