Doğu Türkistan'da İslam kurumları

Abstract

Tarih boyunca ye~itli dinlere inanml~ olan Uygurlar farkh zamanlarda farkhtopluluklar halinde ye~itli dinlere mensuplardl. 10 yUzyl1dan itibaren Islam dinininDogu Tiirkistan'a ginnesiyle Uygurlar topluca miisliiman olmu~lar. Uygurlar butarihten giiniimiize kadar yok ye~itli zulumlere ugraml~ olmalarma ragmenbenliklerini korumayl ba~arnl1~lardlr. Aym zamanda Uygurlar siiuni mezheplerdenbiri olan Hanef! mezhebini benimseyerek bu mezhebin Dogu Tiirkistan'a yayllmasmavesile olmu~lardlr. Zamanla islam dini ve Hanefi mezhebi Dogu Tiirkistan'dakokle~erek toplum hayatml degi~tinni~tir. Bu kapsamda Hanefi m~hml yok iyi bileniilimler yeti~mi~ ve Dogu Tiirkistan'm genelinde yapllml~ olan biryok medresede dersvererek ogrenciler yeti~tirmi~lerdir.islam dinini oZiimseyen Uygurlar Dogu Tiirkistan'm biryok yerinde ibadet etmek iyincamiler in~a etmi~lerdir. Uygurlar sosyal hayatlanm da islam dinine gorediizenleyerek kar~lla~tlklarl sorunlarl yozmek iyin ~eriat mahkemeleri kunnu~lardlr.Bu tezimizde 10. yUzyl1dan beri miisliiman olan Uygurlar'm Dogu Tiirkistan'da sosyalalanda yapml~ olduklan degi~iklikleri, in~a ettikleri medreseleri, camileri ve hukukisorunlarml yozmek iyin kurduklarl ~eriat mahkemeleri incelenmektir, genel olarakHanefi mezhebinin Dogu Tiirkistan'da giiniimiize gelene kadar ne gibi degi~ikliklereugradlgl ve bu konuda verilen eserleri ara~tlfllmaktadlr.

The Uygurs who has belived many religions along the history were members ofdifferent religions in different ages in different groups. Since the 10th century Islamreligion got into Eastern Turkhistan, Uygurs became muslim as a whole. Although theUygurs objected to different oppressions since that date, they achieved to keep theirpersonality. In the same time Uygurs adopted one of the Sunni pats, Hanefi Path, andspread it in East Turkhistan. In time, Islam religion and Hanefi path became powerfulin East Turkhistan and has changed the social life.In this case many scholars who knows Hanefi f1qh has educated and educated manystudents in Madrases which has scattered in the whole East Turkhistan.Uygurs who has adopted Islam has builded many mosques around the EastTurkhistan. Uygurs has regulated their social life according to Islam and builded~eriat (Islamic law) courts to solve the problems which they have faced in their sociallives.In this thesis we are surveying on the social cahanges, Madreses, mosques, and the~eriat courts which has builded to solve their judicial problems by Uygurs since the10th century. Generally the works on the Hanefi Path and the changes since todayis our survey topic.Keywords: