ÖZET Anahtar kelimeler: Sıvılaşma, Deprem, Adapazarı Zeminleri, Marmara Depremi, Zemin İyileştirmeleri, Hasar, Zemin Özellikleri 17 Ağustos 1999 Marmara depremi sonrasında Adapazarı şehir merkezinde oldukça yaygm olarak sıvılaşma olayları gözlenmiş ve beraberinde yapılarda ağır hasarlar meydana gelmiştir. Sıvılaşma olayının parametrelerinin bulunması ve hasara neden olan bu parametrelerin hangi zemin iyileştirme metodlarıyla düzeltilebileceğinin araştırıldığı bu çalışmanın amacı, daha sonra yapılması planlanan Adapazarı yer altı su seviyesinin düşürülme imkanlarının araştırılması konulu araştırma projesine ışık tutmaktır. Bu amaçla ilk bölümde zemin özelikleri ve depremsellik ile Adapazarı merkezinde beliren sıvılaşma olayları irdelenmiş ve nedenleri araştırılmış, deprem hasar nedenleri ve oranlan üzerinde durulmuştur. Bir mahalle pilot bölge seçilerek bu mahallenin zemin özellikleri ve bu özeliklere uygulanan zemin iyileştirme yöntemleri irdelenmiştir. Deprem hasarının azaltılması için yapılması önerilen zemin iyileştirme metodları açıklanmıştır. XIV
DETERMINATION OF THE LIQUEFACTION COMPONENTS AND ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TO PREVENT LIQUEFACTION IN ADAPAZARI CITY, TURKEY SUMMARY Key words : Earthquake, Marmara Earthquake, soil liquefaction, extensive damages in Adapazarı city, NA Fault, ground improvement methods, groundwater Earthquakes have great influences on human life due to its destructive damage on their social and economic structures. After the earthquake, important parts of damages occur due to the dynamic behavior of a ground. The ground may liquefy and liquefaction may cause extensive damages on structures founded in or on the ground. Structures located on the surface of the liquefiable soil may severely settle or tilt due to the loss of bearing capacity of the soil. Lifeline structures buried in the liquefiable soil may be uplifted to the surface. On August 17, 1999 at 3:02 a.m., a magnitude of Mw 7.4 earthquake struck the Marmara region in the Northwest Turkey which has a population of 20 million inhabitants (one third of Turkey's total population) and encompasses nearly half of the country's industry. This is one of the most devastating earthquakes of the twentieth century in view of the number of casualties and damages. The earthquake damage is widespread in several areas, including İzmit, Gölcük, Yalova, Adapazarı, Düzce, İstanbul and Bolu. Among several cities affected, Adapazari province is clearly suffered the worst damage due to the geotechnical effects and site response. As a result of this earthquake, in the study area, approximately 30 000 buildings were heavily damaged or totally collapsed, 22 000 buildings were medium damaged and 30 000 buildings were slightly damaged. The Marmara Earthquake occurred on August 17, 1999 was felt in a very large area. North Anatolian Fault (NAF), which is a well-known strike-slip fault, lies from east to west, city of Adapazari is located on the north side of the NAF and has experienced of big earthquakes in different times. This region was the worst affected area due to the bad soil conditions compared to the neighboring regions. xv
