Numune alma sırasında zeminin fiziksel özelliklerini belirlemeye yönelik penetrometre tasarımı

Abstract

Penetrometrelerin kolay kullan mlar , arazide deney yapanlar iÁin tercih edilmelerine etken olmaktad r. «ok say da zemin parametresi hakk nda hesaplama ya da tahminde bulunmay salayabilecek daha g¸venilir veriler vermesi, tasar mc lar taraf ndan da tercih edilmesini salamaktad r. Saha arat rma maliyetlerini d¸¸rmesi ise nihai yararlan c lar olan i sahipleri taraf nda giderek daha fazla tercih edilmesinde etkili olmaktad r. Arazi deneylerinin yayg nlamas , arat rma gelitirme Áal malar na giderek daha fazla ˆnem verilmesini ve kaynak ayr lmas n salamaktad r. D¸nyada Áal malar, daha h zl gerÁekletirilebilen ve daha g¸venilir veriler salayan arazi deneylerinin gelitirilmesi ¸zerine younlamaktad r. Bu Áal mada, hem numune alabilen ayn zamanda zeminin baz fiziksel ˆzelliklerini belirlemeye yarayacak veriler elde edilebilen yeni bir penetrometre (numune al c ) tasarlanm t r. T¸rkiyeíde hem numune alma, hem de en az bir arazi deneyi yapma zorunluluu ve iki ilemin birlikte yap lmas n n zorluu bu gelitirme Áal mas nda dikkate al nm t r. Áte, uÁ direnci ve geniletme direncini ˆlÁmeye yarayan kal n bir cidardan, d ta ise s¸rt¸nme direncini ˆlÁmeye yarayan ince cidarl iki farkl Áapta iki s¸rt¸nme ceketinden oluan penetrometre Áift cidarl olarak tasarlanm t r. ÷lÁ¸mler gerinim pulu teknolojisiyle yap lm t r. «al mada tasarlanan penetrometreyle kum zeminlerin ˆnemli parametreleri olan, rˆlatif s k l n (Dr) ve boluk oran n n (e) belirlenebildii gˆsterilmitir.

Easy usage of penetrometers has an effect on those who experiment in the field. As penetrometers provide more reliable data that can be used for the calculation of large number of field parameters or for predictions they are also preferred by designers. The customers also gain advantage when they use penetrometers due to their effect on lovering the costs. Proliferation of soil experiments also attached importance to the research and development works in this field. All over the world, these works are focused on advancing in-situ testing that can provide data in a faster and more accurete way. In this study a new penetrometre (soil sampler) that can have a sample and also obtain some data regarding the psysical structure of the soil is developed. During the development process the necessity of having at least one in-situ test and taking sample and hardship of doing both of these two in T¸rkiye, have been taken into consideration. The penetrometer is designed with double walls. Inside a thick wall, used to measure tip resistance and resistance to expansion and outside two thin walls in different diametres with two different friction mantles used to measure the resistance of friction. Measurements are carried out in strain gauge technology. In this research it has been shown that, by using designed penetrometer the important parametres of sandy soils that are relativ density (Dr) and void ratio (e) can be established.