The Effect of Temperature on Grain Size of SnO2 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method

Abstract

Tin dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method and calcined at different temperatures in the range 350-750 degrees C. The SnO2 precursor solution was prepared from SnCl2 center dot 2H(2)O (tin (II) chloride dihydrate), and chloride ions were removed from the solution before the sol gel synthesis was applied. SnO2 powders were characterized by thermal analyses, X-ray diffraction, field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and grain size of nanoparticles were determined by using the Debye-Scherrer formula.