In vitro effects of CaO nanoparticles onTriticalecallus exposed to short and long-term salt stress

Abstract

Key message Ca(2+)NPs enhanced tolerance ofTriticalecallus under salt stress by improving biochemical activity and confocal laser scanning analysis, conferring salt tolerance on callus cells. CaO NPs (Ca2+) are significant components that act as transducers in many adaptive and developmental processes in plants. In this study, effect of Ca(2+)NPs on the response and regulation of the protective system inTriticalecallus under short and long-salt treatments was investigated. The activation of Ca(2+)NPs was induced by salt stress in callus ofTriticalecultivars. MDA, H2O2, POD, and protein activities were determined in callus tissues. Concerning MDA, H2O2, protein activities, it was found that the Ca(2+)NPs treatment was significant, and it demonstrated a high correlation with the tolerance levels of cultivars.Tatlicakcultivar was detected for better MDA activities in the short time with 1.5 ppm Ca(2+)NPs concentration of 50 g and 100 g NaCl. Similarly, the same cultivar responded with better H(2)O(2)activity at 1.5 ppm Ca(2+)NPs 100 g NaCl in the short time. POD activities exhibited a decreasing trend in response to the increasing concentrations of Ca(2+)NPs. The best result was observed at 1.5 ppm Ca(2+)NPs 100 g NaCl in the short term. Based on the protein content, treatment of short-term cultured callus cells with 1.5 ppm Ca(2+)NPs inhibited stress response and it significantly promoted Ca(2+)NPs signals as compared to control callus. Confocal laser scanning analysis proved that the application of Ca(2+)NPs could alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress by the inhibition of stress severity in callus cells. This study demonstrated, under in vitro conditions, that the application of Ca(2+)NPs can significantly suppress the adverse effects of salt stress onTriticalecallus; it was also verified that the concentration of Ca(2+)NPs could be important parameter to be considered in adjusting the micronutrient content in the media for this plant.