Türk Hat Sanatında Hz. Muhammed Sevgisini Konu Alan Çalışmalar

Abstract

İslâm sanat ve kültürü içinde müstesna bir yere sahip olan hat sanatı, tarihî gelişimini bilhassa Mushaf kitabeti üzerinde göstermiştir. Şüphesiz yazının bir sanat hâline gelmesinde İslâm’ın okumaya ve yazmaya verdiği önem yanında Hz. Peygamber’in bu husustaki teşvikkâr tutumu da etkili olmuştur. Asırlar boyu devam eden gelişme ve arınma sürecinden sonra Osmanlı döneminde yetişen ünlü hattatlar eliyle tarihindeki en yüksek seviyesine ulaşmış olan hat sanatı, dünya ülkelerindeki çeşitli müzelerde yer bulan örnekleriyle evrensel bir boyut kazanmıştır. Başlı başına bir sanat dalı olmakla beraber, yerine göre başka sanat teknikleriyle de birleştirilebilen yazı, Türk İslâm sanatı içinde geniş bir kullanım alanına sahiptir. Bu makalede Hz. Muhammed sevgisi, onun örnek şahsiyeti, söz ve davranışları gibi konular etrafında ortaya konan hat eserleri ele alınmıştır. Bu tür hat eserlerinin başında yazma kitaplar ve bilhassa Mushaflar gelmektedir. Yazma kitaplar içinde Hz. Muhammed’in söz ve davranışlarını içeren hadis ve şemâil kitapları da önemli bir yer tutar. Makalede metinleri çoğunlukla hadîs-i şeriflerden oluşan kıt’alar, kıt’aların bir araya getirilmesi ile oluşturulan murakkaalar, Hz. Peygamber’le ilgili âyetlerin ve peygamber sevgisini işleyen edebî metinlerin yazıldığı levhalar, levhalar içinde Hz. Muhammed’in sözle tasviri mahiyetindeki hilye-i şerîfeler görsel örnekleri eşliğinde değerlendirilmiştir

Calligraphy, which has an exceptional place in Islamic art and culture, has shown its historical development especially on_x000D_ the Qur’an inscription. Undoubtedly, besides the importance that Islam attaches to reading and writing, the encouraging_x000D_ attitude of the Prophet on this issue has also been effective in making writing an art. Calligraphy reached its highest level in_x000D_ history through famous calligraphers. It became prominent in the Ottoman period after the development and purification_x000D_ process that continued for centuries, and gained a universal dimension with examples found in various museums around_x000D_ the world. As well as an art branch by itself, calligraphy, which is combined with other art techniques, accordingly, has_x000D_ wide usage in Turkish Islamic art. In this article, calligraphy works about topics such as love of the Prophet Muhammed, his_x000D_ exemplary personality, words, and behavior are discussed. Manuscripts and especially Qur’ans are at the top of this kind_x000D_ of calligraphy. Hadith and schamail books, which contain the words and behavior of the Prophet Muhammed, also have_x000D_ an important place among handwritten books. Kıt’as which are mostly composed of hadiths, murakkas (albums) created_x000D_ by combining kıt’as, panels on which the verses about the Prophet and literary texts involving the love of the Prophet are_x000D_ written, hilyes in the form of verbal portrayal of the Prophet Muhammed were evaluated with visual examples.

Calligraphy, which has an exceptional place in Islamic art and culture, has shown its historical development especially on the Qur’an inscription. Undoubtedly, besides the importance that Islam attaches to reading and writing, the encouraging attitude of the Prophet on this issue has also been effective in making writing an art. Calligraphy reached its highest level in history through famous calligraphers. It became prominent in the Ottoman period after the development and purification process that continued for centuries, and gained a universal dimension with examples found in various museums around the world. As well as an art branch by itself, calligraphy, which is combined with other art techniques, accordingly, has wide usage in Turkish Islamic art. In this article, calligraphy works about topics such as love of the Prophet Muhammed, his exemplary personality, words, and behavior are discussed. Manuscripts and especially Qur’ans are at the top of this kind of calligraphy. Hadith and schamail books, which contain the words and behavior of the Prophet Muhammed, also have an important place among handwritten books. Kıt’as which are mostly composed of hadiths, murakkas (albums) created by combining kıt’as, panels on which the verses about the Prophet and literary texts involving the love of the Prophet are written, hilyes in the form of verbal portrayal of the Prophet Muhammed were evaluated with visual examples.